In essence, almost everything stated above is correct. However, it is written in a rather academic language. If we simplify this principle to make it clearer for those who don't want to delve into the details, we can say the following: 1. If the attacker's attack value exceeds the defender's defense, then for each unit of difference, the damage N dealt by the attacker increases by 5%. The maximum damage can increase by 300% (to N*4 of the initial damage), which is achieved when the attack/defense difference is 60. 2. If the attacker's attack value is less than the defender's defense, then for each unit of difference, the damage N dealt by the attacker decreases by 2.5%. The maximum damage can decrease by 70% (to N*0.3 of the initial damage), which is achieved when the defense/attack difference is 28. This is the core principle of the calculation. Additionally, modifiers (secondary skills, spells, hero specializations) influence the result, but the calculation principle remains unchanged.

Then the coefficient will be 1-20*0.02=0.6. P.S.: I checked it myself using the map editor. I can send the results by email (you need Origin 7.0 to view them).

I won't argue with you, but I will express my disagreement by simply suggesting a different calculation mechanism. 1. The defense advantage of the Archangel over the attack of the Peasant is 30-(9+1)=20 units. For each of these, the damage dealt by the Peasant stack is reduced by 2.5%, resulting in 20*2.5%=50%, i.e., the Peasants deal exactly half the damage. 2. The initial damage of the entire stack is 100*1=100 HP, and with the "Attack" expert skill, it will be 100*1.3=130 HP. Since the actual damage is halved (according to point 1), the result is 130/2=65 HP (and not 63, as you stated). This is a simpler explanation of the calculation... I think that if you have time to check, you will agree with me. Or refute it if you find any substantive objections. The fact that you mentioned that the coefficient of the "Attack" secondary skill decreases as the Defense/Attack difference increases was news to me. Because, following your figures, it turns out that with a difference of 30/1.25=24 units, the "Attack" secondary skill stops working altogether because it becomes zero... Please explain what you meant. Sincerely, AmberSoler