Late-game Town Enhancement.

Loga is still needed in the late game; without it, clearing the map will be much slower, and there will be no problem with capturing outposts. The only thing you lose is the Path of War, but that's not so terrible.

Is "much slower" really by a factor of 1.3? :-) In the late game that people usually talk about, Loga is not needed at all for clearing speed. You can still manage perfectly well without it.

Out of the four speed boosts (speed aura, boots, war, tactics), you need three for stacks with a speed of 5 to reach the enemy's large units, as you yourself noted, the war cry is not always available, the boots can be more interesting, and they may not reach even with tactics, and there is also a lower chance that an orc will reach small stacks.

Please note that I have already agreed that Tactics can be useful against orcs, but it may also be useless. Here, perhaps, it's a matter of player psychology. Personally, I don't like to take skills that may not work at all. And, returning to the beginning of the discussion, Tactics MAY be more useful than Cold specifically against orcs, but on average, across all races, IMHO, it is unlikely, because it is simply useless against several races. And I was describing an averaged build.

You came to an interesting conclusion. Cyclops are twice as tough as goblins and hit 1.5 times harder. It turns out that the damage/health ratio is higher for goblins, according to your calculations.

My conclusion is correct. The stack attacks, and it is attacked. Therefore, its conditional strength is the product of its damage and its health.

Actually, centaurs don't have to shoot with a bow; a kick will be much more painful.

Okay, we can also calculate for melee combat:
damage=14*6*1.1 (approximately)=92.4
health=14*10*1.15 (approximately)=161. And for centaurs, the ratio will definitely not be better than 14-15 to 1. They will die almost immediately; they are no match for cyclops. The only exception is Haggesh. With her, the centaurs can approach the cyclops. But this is always the case with special units. The growth of princes under Lucy breaks the growth of level 7 units. And what the barbarians under Ingvar do...