Academy of Sciences of Heroesland

The idea is that there is some substance (I won't lie, I don't know exactly what) in a certain phase. I'm talking specifically about the substance, not about particles, as is commonly understood; this is just my personal interpretation, I haven't read it anywhere. But it's logical to assume that a full-fledged quantum computer cannot operate on a small set of free particles. The particles must be connected to something; the simplest way is if they are electrons in a substance (a semiconductor is ideal). The particles must be in some intermediate quantum state: neither here nor there (well, between the valence band and the conduction band for semiconductors, that is, in the forbidden band). But due to quantum effects, this is not entirely possible, only until a measurement is made. When a measurement is made, the particle will be in a specific state, not an intermediate one. However, in advance, it is unknown in which of the two states it will be when measured; there is a probability for both. If we have many particles in an intermediate state, then the ordinary theory of probability will describe what state they will be in when measured: some of them in one, some in the other. And we are interested in how many particles will be in one state and how many in the other; based on this, we can determine what intermediate state they were in. And with intermediate states, we can perform arithmetic operations, such as addition. That's how I see it.
Haha, the description in the wiki was amusing:

A quantum computer is a computing device that operates on the basis of quantum mechanics. A quantum computer is fundamentally different from classical computers, which operate on the basis of classical mechanics.

I imagined a computer based on classical mechanics, like an abacus