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About the intelligentsia (as I understand it): towards the end of Nicholas II's reign, the intelligentsia largely abandoned him. The most striking example is the Octoberist party. At the beginning of World War I, their program envisioned a constitutional monarchy. By the end, they were leaning towards a republic. Thus, few intellectuals supported the Tsar. However, not everyone supported the socialists either. After the overthrow and assassination of the Tsar, the intelligentsia mostly sided with the Whites, but the Bolshevik party also consisted largely of representatives of this class. Colleagues, what do you think?