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The bones of the Tyrannosaurus's forelimbs are characterized by an exceptionally thick superficial (non-porous) layer, which indicates their ability to withstand a heavy load. The biceps brachii of an adult Tyrannosaurus was capable of independently lifting a load weighing 200 kg[97][98]. Other muscles, such as the brachialis, worked in parallel with the biceps, making elbow flexion even more powerful. The Tyrannosaurus's biceps was 3.5 times more powerful than a human's. The range of motion of the Tyrannosaurus's forearm was limited; the shoulder and elbow joints could move only by 40 and 45 degrees, respectively. For comparison: those same two joints of a Deinonychus could move by 88 and 130 degrees, and in humans — by 360 and 165 degrees, respectively. The massiveness of the forelimb bones, muscular strength, and limited range of motion all point to the lizard possessing a special system developed to firmly hold prey despite all its desperate efforts to break free[97].
 

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