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I like the approach to scientific and technological discoveries in "Civilization." There, you can truly decide what the future of your own civilization will look like and which specific inventions will change the fate of humanity. Therefore, it's quite difficult to determine which three discoveries played this role, but I think that one of the most important of these innovations was the invention of printing. Without it, it's impossible to imagine the widespread dissemination of knowledge; a huge number of discoveries would not have been made without books, and science and education (and not just them) would have continued to stagnate. The next fundamental discovery of humanity, I would call metallurgy. A huge path has been traveled from bronze to composite alloys, and so much has been made from metals, starting with money, tools, and weapons. And finally, the third discovery is most likely the invention of the internal combustion engine (initially, of course, the steam engine). It opened up new horizons for further development, gave a powerful impetus to progress, and after some time completely changed the face of civilization.