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If the game map is generated randomly, it randomly assigns a loyalty level to each unit. If the map was created by a designer, they manually set one of the five loyalty levels. I think the first and last points on the list are clear. The others (2-4) have a certain probability of joining, which is determined randomly, but nevertheless, there are rules that can increase your chances of getting this unit into your army, if that is even possible.
When the game starts for the first time, the probability of a unit joining is determined randomly. That is, a monster may be such that it will not join under any circumstances. And the skill level of "Diplomacy" or the strength of the army will not help. Although in the map editor, it may be defined as "Friendly (likely to join)". Therefore, we will only consider the situation where the monster is randomly or intentionally assigned a loyalty level of 2, 3, or 4, and there is a probability of the monster joining.
There are a number of observations that can increase the probability:
- To increase the probability of joining, the hero's troops must be "stronger" than the monster.
- It is desirable that the total number of all other troops in the stacks is strictly less than in this "native" stack. Moreover, it means the exact number, and not the "strength of the army".
- The probability of joining also depends on the criterion of the hero's internal strength, which is calculated in a tricky way (unknown). It is known that it definitely depends on the hit points of the hero's army, on the Attack / Defense of the hero (taking into account artifacts), and possibly on the distribution of hit points across the stacks (many hit points in one stack is better than a spread).
- Believing that morale helps with joining is a typical misconception - it does not help.
These are a couple of quotes from a "smart" book about the Heroes game