Uranium235
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Here's my plan.
We give each of the 5 prisoners 240 units of kvass from 48 tanks.
Then, we divide each batch of 48 tanks into 4 groups of 12. And the remaining prisoners from each batch drink, if they haven't already.
In the end, 2 prisoners have drunk kvass from each tank.
We wait 12 hours and identify 2 losers. We have 24 unidentified tanks left, since 2 out of 5 is 10 possible outcomes.
We repeat the process. Here, we divide 24 into 3 groups of 8. And 8 into 2 groups of 4. Accordingly, 2 more prisoners drink from each tank.
The first prisoner drank from tanks 1-8, 9-12, 17-20.
The second prisoner drank from tanks 1-4, 9-16, 21-24.
The third prisoner drank from tanks 5-9, 13-16, 17-24.
In general, we'll have to discard 4, but I probably can't come up with anything better. Or we can experiment with the survivors, if they start dying before 12 hours.
We give each of the 5 prisoners 240 units of kvass from 48 tanks.
Then, we divide each batch of 48 tanks into 4 groups of 12. And the remaining prisoners from each batch drink, if they haven't already.
In the end, 2 prisoners have drunk kvass from each tank.
We wait 12 hours and identify 2 losers. We have 24 unidentified tanks left, since 2 out of 5 is 10 possible outcomes.
We repeat the process. Here, we divide 24 into 3 groups of 8. And 8 into 2 groups of 4. Accordingly, 2 more prisoners drink from each tank.
The first prisoner drank from tanks 1-8, 9-12, 17-20.
The second prisoner drank from tanks 1-4, 9-16, 21-24.
The third prisoner drank from tanks 5-9, 13-16, 17-24.
In general, we'll have to discard 4, but I probably can't come up with anything better. Or we can experiment with the survivors, if they start dying before 12 hours.