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And indeed, the descent is located not far from the exit of the castle... Thanks. And how did I not notice it, it seemed like I clicked every centimeter with the mouse...
At first, I was confused by the fact that when playing for the first time, I managed to descend again into the whirlpool, which was activated immediately after capturing the castle in the upper left corner... Then, when I surfaced from the whirlpool, the descent was blocked again, and I also had 2 heroes on one ship... That's why I thought it was a bug... Fortunately, it's not serious and happens rarely.
Added after 2 hours 55 minutes
I found the sword, there were no problems, only the same dialogue of the characters was repeated twice for some reason. Once after freeing Ciel, and the second time after freeing the pedestals with elementals.