philosophy

In both cases, there was criminal negligence, and no one disputes that. It's not a given who made the decision to order the shooting. He didn't stay quietly on the sidelines because he was, after all, the Tsar; who would forbid him? And he had an active personality... His main problem was that he didn't put the right people in the right positions. There have been such Tsars before, but in those cases, they either had little influence on the situation (favorites, the guard, ministers managed things for them), or the overall situation in the country wasn't so dire, so it wasn't as noticeable.