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This is a general question that applies to the regulations of all Tournaments.
The rules regarding judging are still very poorly developed. Tournaments at a good level on Hv have only been running for 2-3 years. The judges and commentators do not yet have much experience. We are trying to develop a unified approach for standard situations and are constantly communicating with each other. Recently, a collegial approach has emerged in complex cases.
I am working on the section of the rules "V. Non-standard and controversial situations. Judging." In the near future, I plan to upgrade our Rules to version 3.0 and work on the Judging and Rating Tournament Rules sections. The process is constantly being slowed down by endless discussions of the same things, pointless surveys, disputes, urgent matters, etc. Therefore, many controversial situations are now being considered not on the basis of the Rules, but on the basis of Traditions.
Why are some players penalized for in-game violations (rush, using a banned hero...) with technical defeats, while others are given rematches? Who decides this, and what is the reasoning?
The judge's decision is made primarily on the basis of the tournament rules. If the situation that has arisen is not regulated by the rules, then the judges are guided by elementary logic and gaming ethics.
Very often, players decide for themselves what to do when one of them violates the rules, without the intervention of the judges. Sometimes, the violator immediately admits defeat. Sometimes, the players agree to a rematch. Sometimes, they agree to a draw (usually if the violation was minor, and as a result, the violator won). In these cases, the judges do not interfere. Perhaps because of such cases, there is an illusion that the judge does not know what he is doing.
If the parties cannot agree, then the judge makes the decision. Usually, the player against whom the rules were violated demands a technical defeat, and he gets it because the decision is made primarily on the basis of the rules. Any violation of the rules is punished with a technical defeat.
It often happens that both parties violate the rules. Then the technical defeat is given to the one who violated the rules first.
In complex situations, when the rules can be interpreted ambiguously or the situation is not described in the rules at all, the judge is guided by "elementary logic and gaming ethics." Here, the judge's experience and competence decide. And then, quite often, a "wave of public outrage" arises because the "affected" player has friends/defenders, and there are also plenty of people whose only joy in life is to troll and argue on the forum. Therefore, of course, the more controversial situations are regulated by the rules, the easier it is to judge, and this is what we need to work on.
A violation of the fair play rule is usually punished by annulment of the results and disqualification from the tournament. Then the materials are transferred to the Arbitration Committee, as only it can make a decision on the World Championship.
PS. Yes, I forgot to mention. If a judge is playing in a tournament, then he judges only the matches in which he did not participate and in the outcome of which he is not interested. This is stated in our Tournament Rules:
1. The organizer is obliged to:
b) if he himself is a participant in the tournament, involve a neutral person - a Judge - to resolve disputes that may arise in his matches or in situations where he may be interested in a decision in favor of a particular player....