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1. Randomly. It could be 2, 3, 4, or 5.
2. The percentages indicate how much damage the unit will not receive. That is, if the spell dealt 100 damage, the Shark Guards would only receive 93.
3. It seems like they will be added. The percentage of damage that the Shark Guard will not receive depends on the value of the total defense (see point 2).
4. This means that if the distance to the enemy is greater than half the field, the enemy will receive half the damage. If it's "full range," then the penalty does not apply.
5. I don't even know. I suggested this to you because you were enthusiastic :). Perhaps it would be worth writing some tactics for the game that would enhance the advantages or weaken the disadvantages revealed by analyzing the characteristics of the creatures? Or, for example, compare the creatures of all factions, rank them by usefulness, and write tactics... In general, do what HugoCorner used to do.