philosophy

About Peter I. It was his policy of transforming Russia into a European country that created an ethnic chimera. The upper and lower classes of society considered the opposing group to be foreign, rather than another class within their own state. This ultimately led to the revolution of 1917. Nicholas II simply failed to change the national policy, and in essence, his guilt is much less.
About the games. I completely agree with Knight. We shouldn't look for only one cause for all events. Everything depends on each individual person, and on the age of the ethnic group as a whole.
About nationalism. It is necessary to distinguish between true nationalism (patriotism and love for one's own) and false nationalism (chauvinism and hatred of others). The concepts are not identical.