In my opinion, the damage dealt by towers in the Castle depends on the Hero (the cooler and stronger he is, the higher the damage!). And this also determines whether you will control them or if the computer will do it for you!!!
From my own experience, I realized that during a siege of the Castle, the towers deal more damage each time if the Castle withstands the siege, and so on in an increasing manner... On the other hand, if they snatched it from you, you'll have to capture it back (obviously), and the towers will fire at you with the same strength as they did at the enemy (when you were defending).. the annoying thing is that when you snatch a Castle with wonder-towers, this bonus disappears and must be built up again... Maybe all of this is a bug, I don't know, maybe everything with the towers is designed this way....
And to control them, you just need a hero even with level 1; the most important thing is that he has the Artillery skill (the skill allowing you to control the ballista in battle)... and that's it ;)