Round table

The question is: if the guard is shifted to the side of the teleport on the other side, is it allowed to pass through? Formally, there is only one passage, and according to the rules, if there are multiple guards, you can break through any one of them... I think it's allowed. Or am I wrong?

According to the current rules:
5.12. It is forbidden to enter adjacent territories without breaking through the guard standing at the passage (i.e., if it is shifted). If two or three guards are scattered along the road, any one can be broken through.
In the absence of a passage guard, including a shifted one, it is allowed to freely move from one respawn point to another.

When teleporting, the Player ends up on another respawn point, and according to the rules, it is forbidden to enter adjacent territories without breaking through the guard.
Therefore, according to the current rules, in your example, it is not allowed to pass without breaking through the guard.