We’ve turned into a Hive, things are getting serious.

The question of what percentage of all women and men who have ever lived had offspring is interesting and complex. There are no exact figures for the entire period of human existence, but there are estimates based on demographic and genetic research. Here are the key findings:

📊 Women:

• Approximately 80–90% of women who have ever lived had offspring.

• This is because biologically, a woman can give birth to a limited number of children, but most women in pre-industrial societies married and had at least one child.

• Women generally left offspring more often than men, especially in societies with polygamy or high male mortality (due to wars, hunting, etc.).

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📊 Men:

• Only about 40–60% of men who have ever lived had offspring.

• Some genetic studies, including analysis of the Y chromosome, indicate that historically, men's reproductive success was highly concentrated: not all men left offspring, but only a part of them.

• In societies with polygamy and/or high social inequality, it was especially common for only certain men (leaders, alpha males, successful hunters, etc.) to have many children, while others had none at all.