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Without delving into my extensive list of watched content, the first thing that comes to mind is Rokudenashi Majutsu Koushi to Akashic Records. But whether a school is "ultimately magical" or not doesn't really matter, in the sense that thematically, it could be about "superpowers" instead of magic, but the pattern remains the same; only the overall theme changes.
And it doesn't matter who might have set certain trends. Let's say pointed hats from that British writer became popular in culture – so what?
If I understand correctly, Tolkien popularized the modern image of orcs, but how many people think of him when they encounter this race in any work? I, for example, didn't think of him until this conversation, even though there's more than enough orc content out there today . Do you immediately think of Chinese culture when you see a compass or paper? Why not, it originated there. These are all borrowed technological and cultural elements. A Japanese school, for example, doesn't become European just because they wear clothing that isn't traditional for that country. Wait, even the Japanese sailor uniform was created based on a European design. So what does that mean...? Is it Japanese or European? Obviously, if we're talking about Japan or content created by Japanese people, it's Japanese.
If one character calls another "senpai" in a setting that thematically resembles a European one, it still doesn't mean that writing the name in the translation is appropriate, because it violates the character's personality and the level of relationship between them as established by the author. Just as in Japan, people don't casually throw around phrases like "I love you" (aishiteru); instead, they use less serious options like "suki" and "daisuki," which can refer to both friendship and romantic relationships. And if you still translate it as "I love you," the original meaning is lost, but the localizers don't care; their main goal is to write in a way that is common in English-speaking society. Localization is a degenerative practice, literally turning things into orcs. Then people consume these low-quality translations, often in dubs, and never understand the nuances of what they see and hear, continuing to perceive onigiri as a donut.