The Philosophy of Heroes of Might and Magic.

That's right, we need to look at the bigger picture. Please provide an example of what goals different Factions have and how they take care of themselves.

By the way, I didn't even consider the fact that there is also a division among the Lords. With humans, it's clear - their society, as already mentioned, resembles human society (our medieval one), but what about other races? Do they have a division of Lords into subordinates and those who dominate?

This raises an interesting question about power relations, which, as you know, are formed by subjects, objects, and power (the relationship between them).
Subjects: Lords. Only Lords. It's doubtful that one creature would be subordinate to another (on the other hand, in Heroes 4, this is quite possible - and in principle, a strong creature should, by definition, dominate the weak).
Objects: Creatures, of course. But, considering the above, Lords can also be objects! And that's quite surprising. This subordination can be seen in the game itself: we choose one hero, developing him to the maximum, while the others perform supporting functions.
Power: power is expressed in management and strength (is there anything else - I don't remember). Lords manage because they either use force or are stronger. Sometimes management is based on feelings (Again, Catherine and her companions:))

Goals? Well, let me try, although you may not agree with me. I'll take the Factions from Heroes 3.
Castle (I keep forgetting what it's called, please remind me) - a feudal state, a monarchy. Goals: to promote the state in economic, domestic, and foreign relations.
Rampart (I'm ashamed, I don't know) - it's definitely not feudalism. I don't remember, but I think it's also a monarchy. Goals: to maintain neutrality, to interfere in foreign policy only when they are in danger. Taking care of their home (forest).
Tower (Bracada) - also not feudalism. Here, perhaps, it's a democracy. Since the main population consists of mages, and all the others are summoned or created, everyone is equal. Goals: to acquire knowledge.
Inferno (Eofol) - I have no idea what this is. Perhaps it's anarchy. Since the strongest rules them. But not the wisest. Goals: in my opinion, it's simply - maximum power, world domination.
Necropolis (well, I think it's like that) - here, I think it's a monarchy, since there is definitely some kind of super-cool necromancer who is in charge. Goals: to acquire knowledge, but unlike the Tower, the knowledge is about Death. Also, to gain power, world domination. They act very cunningly.
Dungeon (Nighon) - I'm not sure. Well, perhaps it's a slave-owning system. I'm not sure, I probably made a mistake here. Well, the goals: approximately the same as Necropolis. Warlocks and necromancers are quite similar.
Stronghold (Krigan) - anarchy, and again, the strongest gains power, and the rest are his henchmen. Goals: to plunder wealth. I don't think they know anything about economics, and whether they even know such a word, so the goal is: LOTS OF MONEY. (they are used as mercenaries).
Fortress (Tatalia): probably a democracy, although I can't understand what the main population is, but it seems that it consists of lizards and gnolls. Goal: to improve the economy. (they are used as mercenaries).
Conflux - I have nothing to say about this.
This is my opinion. Much of the information here is inaccurate, so I'm waiting for corrections. If I'm completely wrong, then please set me on the right path, otherwise I'll be ashamed.)