Connection ErrorBad RequestThis page went staleSession ExpiredSign in requiredForbiddenNot FoundToo Many RequestsServer ErrorBad GatewayService UnavailableGateway TimeoutHTTP Version Not Supported
Session Expired
Your session has expired. Please log in to continue.
Sign in required
You need an account to do that. Sign in or create one — it only takes a minute.
This page went stale
Your security token was rejected, usually because the page sat open too long or you signed in elsewhere. Nothing was saved. Reload the page and try again.
Request Failed
We encountered an issue while processing your request.
Please check your internet connection and try again.
I enjoy logic puzzles, but not in this specific formulation.
Here, there can be several interpretations, and each has its own solution:
1) a is c - "is" means equivalence, so the other conditions are irrelevant, and if they don't contradict each other, the answer is c=a.
2) a is c - a is a part of c, meaning there exists a part of c that does not belong to a.
Therefore, the 4th condition means that the intersection of d and c is an empty set, which, according to condition 1, means that the intersection of d and a is also an empty set, which, according to condition 2, implies either:
A) a is an empty set, and the answer is "insufficient information."
B) a contradiction, and the answer is "such a situation is impossible."