It turned out to be very easy.
sudo apt install steamNext, in the program search, there was an icon for "Install Steam" or "Steam Installer" — I don't remember exactly, I didn't save a screenshot, but after clicking it, Steam downloaded and installed itself.
Everything just sort of worked on its own; the Nvidia drivers were already there. On a clean system, I think you'd need to install them yourself, or Steam will do it on its own (with AMD and Intel, the experience might differ, or with a non-Ubuntu distribution).
You can delete Windows now. 